拉氏中值定理的发现与证明

给出了拉氏中值定理的发现过程和一个新的证明方法．     

亚间冰期以来长江入海口下切河谷充填型沉积体系与生物气聚集

分析了江苏省启东市北新镇NTZK01孔岩心沉积特征,结合该孔45个有机碳样品和14个样品的渗透率值,讨论亚间冰期(LG)和冰后期(PG)海侵旋回的层序地层特征及浅层生物气的勘探前景。研究表明,研究区在亚间冰期(LG)海侵旋回,海平面快速下降,地层遭受侵蚀,仅保留部分河床沉积,其最大海泛面也未保存。研究区在冰后期(PG)海侵旋回,发育了一套完整的海侵-海退旋回,下切河谷区自下而上依次发育河流相、浅海相和三角洲相。底部侵蚀面为冰后期(PG)海侵旋回的底界面,最大海泛面发育在淤泥质粘土层中,最大海泛面以下为海侵旋回,最大海泛面以上为海退旋回。     

Isolates identification and characteristics of microorganisms in biotrickling filter and biofilter system treating H2S and NH3

A combination system of biotrickling filter （BTF） and biofilter （BF）, adopting surfactant-modified clinoptilolite and surfactant- modified wood chip as the media respectively, was applied to treat H2S and NH3 simultaneously. The identification and sole carbon sources utilization patterns of isolates in the combination system were studied by Biolog system. The isolates were identified as Bacillus sphaericus, Geobacillus themoglucosidasius （55℃） and Micrococcus luteus （ATCC 9341） in BTF, and Aspergillus sydowii （Bainier ＆ Sartory） Thom＆ Church in BE Among 95 substrate classes supplied by Biolog system, the carboxylic acids and methyl esters had the highest utilization extent for the four species, followed by the amino acids and peptides. The descending sequence of carbon sources utilization capability of isolates was A. sydowii （52.6%）, M. luteus （39.5%）, B. sphaericus （21.6%）, and G. thermoglucosidasius （17.7%）.     

Metabolic fate of the 14C-labeled herbicide clodinafop-propargyl in a sediment–water system

The metabolic fate of ¹⁴C-phenyl-labeled herbicide clodinafop-propargyl (¹⁴C-CfP) was studied for 28 days in lab assays using a sediment–water system derived from a German location. Mineralization was 5.21% of applied ¹⁴C after 28 days exhibiting a distinct lag phase until day 14 of incubation. Portions of radioactivity remaining in water phases decreased at moderate rate to 18.48% after 28 days; 62.46% were still detected in water after 14 days. Soxhlet extraction of the sediment using acetonitrile released 35.56% of applied ¹⁴C with day 28, while 33.99% remained as non-extractable residues. A remarkable increase of bound ¹⁴C was observed between 14 and 28 days correlating with the distinct increase of mineralization. No correlation was found throughout incubation with microbial activity of the sediment as determined by dimethyl sulfoxide reduction. Dissolved oxygen and pH value of water phases remained almost constant for 28 days. Analyses of Soxhlet extracts of the sediment and ethyl acetate extracts of water phases by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC revealed that CfP was rapidly cleaved to free acid clodinafop (Cf), which was further (bio-) transformed. DT₅₀ values (based on radio-HPLC) were below 1 day (CfP) and slightly above 28 days (Cf). Further metabolites were not detected. Fractionation of humic and non-humic components of the sediment demonstrated that CfP's non-extractable residues were predominantly associated with fulvic acids up to 14 days of incubation (3.36%), whereas after 28 days, the majority of radioactivity was found in the humin/mineral fraction (13.30% of applied ¹⁴C). Due to high-performance size-exclusion chromatography of the fulvic acids fraction derived from assays incubated for 28 days, this portion of ¹⁴C was firmly, possibly covalently bound to fulvic acids and did not consist of CfP or Cf. Using an isolation strategy comprising preincubation of sediment with CfP and mineralization of ¹⁴C-CfP as criterion, a microorganism was isolated from the sediment examined. It grew on ¹⁴C-CfP as sole carbon source with evolution of ¹⁴CO₂. The bacterium was characterized by growth on commonly used carbon sources and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Its sequence exhibited high similarity with that of Nocardioides aromaticivorans strain H-1 (98.85%; DSM 15131, JCM 11674).     

高压输电线路并列架设空间工频电场研究

利用等效电荷法计算多线路并列架设空间工频电场。结果表明，并列架设输电线路之间的工频电场会出现不同程度的叠加或削减，进而影响线路下方工频电场的强度和变化趋势。提出了多线路并列架设的线路空间布置建议，为输电线路环境影响评价模拟类比线路选取提供参考。     

东北北部地区地震活动与震后早期趋势判断

研究了 190 0年以来我国东北北部地区浅源中强震活动的特征。结果表明 ,地震活动具有突发性、成组性和序列地震数量少的特点。应根据本区地震活动特点 ,开展震后早期趋势预测 ,以最大限度地减轻地震灾害。     

不同菌株培养顺序对添加铁铝锰氧化物白浆土腐殖质组成的影响

文章旨在探索巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)和灰色链霉菌(Streptomyces griseus)3种菌株、6种培养顺序在添加铁、铝、锰氧化物情况下对混有木质素白浆土腐殖质组成的差异影响.采用室内培养法,在针铁矿、三羟铝石和δ-MnO_2参与条件下,通过6种菌株培养顺序的设置,探讨其对木质素白浆土混料腐殖质组成的影响.结果表明:基于针铁矿添加条件,在以巨大芽孢杆菌为Ⅰ期培养菌株时更有利于白浆土腐殖化系数(CHA/CFA)的促进.而在针铁矿和δ-MnO_2添加条件下,A.niger→S.griseus→B.megaterium的培养顺序更有利于白浆土胡敏酸(HA)向富里酸(FA)的转化.基于三羟铝石添加条件,灰色链霉菌为Ⅰ期培养菌株时更有利于白浆土CHA/CFA的促进,而以巨大芽孢杆菌为Ⅰ期培养菌株时可使CHA/CFA降低;除S.griseus→A.niger→B.megaterium外的5种菌株培养顺序,δ-MnO_2均能有效促进白浆土HA的降解、使其分子结构更加简单;无论哪一菌株培养顺序,针铁矿均有利于微生物对混料胡敏素(Hu)的矿化,δ-MnO_2可使混料总有机碳(TOC)发生较大程度矿化;与对照相比,δ-MnO_2亦可促进微生物对混料水溶性物质(WSS)的消耗,且对可提取腐殖酸(HE)的形成有促进作用.     

基于序列模式的土地利用变化分析——以广西壮族自治区为例

土地利用变化是一个长期的过程,同时具有一定的复杂性。传统的转移矩阵方法只能在两期土地利用数据之间相互比较而不能总结长期整体的变化规律,频繁项集不能导出变化序列。针对这些方法的不足,本文提出了基于序列模式的土地利用变化序列分析模型。首先给出土地序列数据库的定义,然后根据土地序列数据实际特点和垂直格式的序列模式SPADE算法,给出土地变化序列模式的计算过程和方法。在以中国广西为实例的研究中,计算了1970s—2015年共7期22种二级土地利用类型的变化序列。研究区土地利用变化主要发生在林地之间,部分林地转换为厂矿、采石场、交通道路等建设用地类型;城镇用地主要由旱地和水田转换而来;在研究期内没有任何一个土地单元转化成水田。     

混沌理论在事故分析及预测中的应用

在对江苏常州市某公司安全事故资料进行大量调查与统计的基础上,应用混沌理论分析了该公司安全事故的混沌特征,指出了事故对初始条件的敏感依赖性和事故的长期不可预测性。应用重构相空间理论对安全事故次数的时间序列进行了分析和预测。同时,还对安全事故统计资料进行了R/S分析,得出该时间序列以2 0 0 1年6月为界限,存在两个Hurst指数,H1=1.6 82 8和H2 =0 .2 936 ,表明在以3个月为时间统计尺度的条件下,事故发生次数在前一时间段整体表现为持久相关性,而在后一时间段表现为反持久相关性。预测与分析结果与实际情况符合较好,表明应用混沌理论进行事故分析与预测是可行的,反映了事故的发展趋势。     

自回归模型在井水埋深预测中的应用及改进

用时间序列分析方法建立井水埋深的预测模型时,首先采用差分的方法把季节性时间序列变成平稳时间序列,在此基础上,再用动态数据系统方法的传统F检验定阶法进行分析。由于样本的随机性可能过早地退出对模型的循环检验,从而不能找到合适的预测模型。笔者在用自回归模型建立井水预测模型的基础上,采用了一种改进的建模方法,提高了预测精度,并用实例进行了验证。